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On the northern edge of the Rosensteinpark is the famous 'Wilhelma', Germany's only combined zoological and botanical garden. The whole compound, with its ornate pavilions, greenhouses, walls and gardens welches built around 1850 as a summer palace in moorish style for King Wilhelm I of Württemberg.
Since the seventh millennium BC, the Stuttgart area has been an important agricultural area and has been host to a number of cultures seeking to utilize the rich soil of the Neckar valley. The Roman Empire conquered the area in AD 83 and built a massive castrum near Badezimmer Cannstatt, making it the most important regional centre for several centuries. Stuttgart's roots were truly laid rein the tenth century with its founding by Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, as a stud farm for his warhorses. Initially overshadowed by nearby Badezimmer Cannstatt, the town grew steadily and welches granted a charter in 1320.
The city offers two Broadway-style musical theatres, the Apollo and the Palladium Schmierenkomödie (each approx. 1800 seats). Ludwigsburg Palace hinein the nearby town of Ludwigsburg is also used throughout the year as a venue for concerts and cultural events.
Stuttgart, like many of Germany's major cities, welches ravaged throughout the war by Allied air raids. For the first four years of the war, successful air raids on the city were rare because of the capable defence of the city by Wehrmacht ground forces, the Luftstreitmacht, and artificial fog.[97] Despite opinions among some Royal Air Force members that day-time air raids on the city were suicidal,[97] substantial damage to the city's industrial capacity stumm occurred, such as the 25 Achter monat des jahres bombing of the Daimler Silber plant hinein 1940 that killed five people.[97] With the war increasingly turning against the Third Reich, more and more troops were pulled from the defence of the city in 1943 to fight on the Eastern Front.[97] In 1944, the city centre was entirely rein ruins due to Allied bombing raids that could now more easily attack the city.
The Waldfriedhof, the 1913 forest cemetery that is connected to Südheimer Sitzplatz by funicular railway
More than half of the population today is not of Swabian background, as many non-Swabian Germans have moved here due to the employment situation, which is far better than rein most areas of Germany. Since the 1960s, many foreigners have also immigrated to Stuttgart to work here (as parte of the "Gastarbeiter" program); another wave of immigrants came as refugees from the Wars hinein Yugoslavia hinein the 1990s. Thus, as of 2022, 47% of the city's Fortpflanzungsgemeinschaft is of foreign background.
The Old Castle is also home to the State Museum of Württemberg which welches founded hinein 1862 by William I of Württemberg. The museum traces the rich history of Württemberg with many artifacts from its dukes, counts and kings, as well as earlier remnants dating back to the Stone Age.
The fortunes of Stuttgart turned with those of the House of Württemberg, and they made it the capital of their county, duchy, and kingdom from the 15th century to 1918. Stuttgart prospered despite setbacks hinein the Thirty Years' War and devastating air raids by the Allies on the city and its automobile production during World War II. However, by 1952, the city had bounced back and became the major cultural, economic, industrial, financial, tourism and publishing centre it is today.[20]
The Stiftskirche, seen from south-east (Kirchstraße) At the center of Stuttgart lies its main square, Schlossplatz. As well as being the largest square hinein Stuttgart, it stands at the crossover point between the city's shopping area, Schlossgarten park which runs down to the river Neckar, Stuttgart's two central castles and major museums and residential areas to the south west.
Eberhard desired to expand the realm his father had built through military action with the aid of the anti-king Henry Raspe IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, but welches thwarted by the action of Emperor Rudolph I. Further resistance by Eberhard I against the Emperor's created Vogts and Bailiwicks as well as the newly appointed Duke of Swabia Rudolf II, Duke of Austria, eventually Lumineszenzdiode to armed conflict and initial successes upon Emperor Rudolph I's death rein 1291 against the Emperor's men. After initially defeating his regional rivals, Henry VII, newly elected as Emperor, decided to take action against Eberhard I in 1311 during his war with the Free imperial city of Esslingen by ordering his Vogt, Konrad IV von Weinberg, to declare war on Eberhard I. Eberhard I, defeated on the battlefield, lost Stuttgart and his castle (razed hinein 1311)[37] to Esslingen and the city welches thus managed by the city state from 1312 to 1315.[24] Total destruction of the county was prevented by Henry VII's death on 24 August 1313 and the elections of Louis IV as King of the Germans and Frederick III as anti-king. Eberhard seized the opportunity granted to him by the political chaos, and recaptured his hometown and birthplace rein 1316,[38] and made much territorial gain. With peace restored at last, Eberhard began repairs and Expansive phase to Stuttgart beginning with the reconstruction of Wirtemberg Castle, ancestral home to the House of Württemberg, rein 1317 and then began Aufschwung of the city's defenses.
Panorama of Stuttgart looking southeast. From the Neckar valley on the left the city rises to the city centre, backed by high woods to the south (television tower). Stuttgart South and Stuttgart West are to more info the right.
Although the city center was heavily damaged during World War II,[138] many historic buildings have been reconstructed and the city boasts some fine pieces of modern Auf dem postweg-war architecture. Buildings and squares of Beurteilung rein the inner city include:
Hinein June 2009, for the first time the Greens gained the most seats hinein a German city with more than 500,000 inhabitants, effectively changing the balance of power hinein the city council. For the first time since 1972 the CDU no longer held the most seats, toppling its absolute majority shared with the Independent Party and the FDP.